2004 Technology - Infrastructure, Fixed Voice and Data Report

Report Description

This comprehensive technology handbook provides all the essential information on the way the telecommunications technologies. It covers the historical background, the principles of operation, technical standards, critical analysis of strengths and weaknesses, competition with other technologies, opportunities for new services, combining and converging technologies, industry consortia, standards bodies, regulators and key vendors and it explaining established technologies in detail

Key sections:-
Key concepts of telecommunications
Long Distance and Global Telecoms technologies
Last mile telecoms technologies
The telephone network and voice calls
Data communication technologies

Category
Telecoms & Computing Annual Research

Executive Summary

More than any other, the telecommunications industry is changing constantly. New technologies are being developed all the time – technologies which have the potential to lead to new revenue streams, better margins and improved profitability.

It is important to keep up-to-date with the latest developments, and this is often difficult. In the past few years, fresh fields have been emerging in the telecommunications industry, and we have observed an increase in the purchase of our technology reports, by customers wishing to remain informed on the complex and diverse changes that are taking place.

To further satisfy this need, we have carried out a major research project. We are proud to present the results - this Telecommunications Technology Handbook is a very powerful publication, it is absolutely up-to-date and offers a comprehensive analysis the most recent advances.

For instance, the changes that in the long-distance and last mile areas have been nothing less than mind-boggling. These developments are covered in detail in the Handbook – Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL), Data Over Cable System Interface Spectrum Standard (DOCSIS) cable modems, Very High Data Rate Digital Subscriber Line (VDSL), wireless broadband (including 802.11), Fibre-to-the-Home (FTTH), blown fibre, Metro Ethernet, Passive Optical Network (PONs) and Free Space Optical.

These recent technological developments transform the services and competitive structure of the telecommunications industry. For instance smaller Internet Protocol (IP) based telcos are wisely applying these technologies, including light-weight Voice-over-Internet Protocol (VoIP) non exchange-based telephony, with fibre they own or obtain from incumbents. These lighter, more sophisticated companies challenge the established telcos and their billions of dollars worth of older, less flexible, ""big-iron"", infrastructure.

This report is an excellent resource for anyone working in the field of telecommunications. It is a reliable source for business managers in the decision-making process and provides investors with sound background information, as well as giving a precise and thorough explanation of the technical aspects of our industry.

Table of Contents

1. KEY CONCEPTS
1.1 Communication, signals and data
1.1.1 Light and sound
1.2 Analogue electronics
1.3 Digital conversion
1.4 Audio storage
1.5 Binary numbers
1.6 ASCII text
1.7 The pace of electronic technology development
1.8 Types of communication system
1.8.1 Basic communication principles
1.8.2 Basic characteristics of communication technologies
1.8.3 Analogue and digital
1.8.4 Analogue vs digital
1.9 The OSI layered model of networks and applications
1.9.1 Distributed information system
1.9.2 Purpose of OSI
1.9.3 Functions and examples
1.9.4 How the model works
1.10 The increasing importance of the Internet
1.10.1 From smoke signals to Internet
1.10.2 New foundation for future systems
1.10.3 The importance of the Internet

2. LONG DISTANCE AND GLOBAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGIES
2.1 Fibre, WDM, Satellite, Microwave
2.1.1 Historical perspective
2.1.2 Optical fibre links
2.1.3 Geostationary satellites for telecommunications
2.1.4 Microwave links
2.1.5 Reliability and security
2.2 SDH, SONET, RPR, GMPLS
2.2.1 SDH / SONET fibre optic links
2.2.2 SDH/SONET data rates
2.2.3 Optical switching and GMPLS

3. LAST MILE TELECOMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGIES
3.1 Twisted Pair, POTS, ISDN
3.1.1 Introduction and historical perspective
3.1.2 Twisted Pair Copper
3.1.3 Competing technologies
3.1.4 Twisted pair copper for analogue telephony
3.2 Analogue telephones, modems and fax machines
3.2.1 Analogue telephone
3.2.2 Modem
3.2.3 Modem standards
3.3 Twisted pair copper for ISDN
3.3.1 Basic rate ISDN
3.3.2 Primary rate ISDN and HDSL
3.3.3 ISDN historical overview
3.4 Fibre, FTTH, PON, Metro Ethernet
3.4.1 Introduction
3.5 Fibre-to-the-Home - FTTH
3.5.1 History and general characteristics
3.5.2 FTTH advantages
3.5.3 FTTH disadvantages
3.5.4 Market predictions
3.6 Air-blown Fibre
3.6.1 Short-distance technology
3.6.2 First mile solution
3.6.3 Efficient technology
3.7 Passive Optical Networks - PON
3.7.1 B-PON, E-PON and G-PON
3.7.2 Latest developments
3.7.3 Metro Ethernet
3.7.4 More than Internet access
3.7.5 E-Line Ethernet Line Service
3.7.6 E-LAN Ethernet LAN Service
3.7.7 Metro Ethernet goals and challenges
3.8 Fibre installation challenges
3.8.1 Fibre bend radius
3.9 xDSL
3.9.1 Common characteristics of xDSL
3.9.2 ADSL
3.9.3 ADSL technical standards
3.9.4 Comparing ADSL and HFC
3.10 Symmetrical DSL
3.10.1 ADSL
3.10.2 ReachDSL
3.10.3 Comparison with other technologies
3.10.4 DSLAM
3.10.5 T1 and E1
3.10.6 BR-ISDN and IDSL
3.10.7 HDSL
3.10.8 SDSL
3.10.9 SHDSL G.991.2
3.10.10 Voice over broadband
3.10.11 Latency and delay
3.11 VoDSL – Voice over DSL
3.11.1 Limitations
3.11.2 Voice traffic in ATM cells
3.11.3 VoDSL standards
3.11.4 Comparison algorithms
3.11.5 CVoDSL - Channelised Voice over DSL
3.12 Fibre to the Curb – FTTC and VDSL
3.12.1 Complex Optical Network Unit
3.12.2 FTTB, FTTN and Switched Digital Video
3.12.3 Shorter distances
3.12.4 Bandwidth for more services
3.12.5 Marconi’s TransACT FTTC system
3.12.6 Comparison with ADSL, HFC and FTTC
3.12.7 VDSL standards confusion and futures
3.12.8 VDSL in Asia and China
3.13 Hybrid Fibre Coaxial cable – Data Over Cable
3.13.1 General characteristics
3.13.2 Large-scale deployment
3.13.3 HFC’s stringent design and maintenance requirements
3.14 Free Space Optical
3.14.1 802.11 Microwave links using unlicensed spectrum
3.14.2 LMDS microwave systems
3.14.3 Stratospheric or high altitude stations
3.15 WiFi, LMDS, Stratospheric
3.15.1 Free Space Optical Communications
3.15.2 Conclusion

4. THE TELEPHONE NETWORK AND VOICE CALLS
4.1 Network and calls
4.1.1 Introduction and historical perspective
4.1.2 A circuit-switched network
4.1.3 Voice calls
4.1.4 Telephone exchanges
4.2 Equipment, New Developments
4.2.1 Signalling system no. 7 - SS7
4.2.2 The Intelligent Network
4.2.3 CLASS services
4.2.4 PABXs and key systems
4.2.5 Payphones
4.2.6 Centrex services
4.2.7 CTI - Computer Telephony Integration
4.2.8 Number portability

5. DATA
5.1 Introduction
5.1.1 ISDN primarily for voice, not data
5.1.2 Technologies for data communications
5.1.3 Voice to be carried as packets in the future
5.2 Frame relay
5.2.1 Introduction
5.2.2 Switching packets and cells
5.2.3 Permanent and Switched Virtual Circuits – PVCs and SVCs
5.2.4 Applications and futures
5.3 Networks within buildings
5.3.1 Introduction
5.3.2 Ethernet and IEEE 802.3
5.3.3 Token Ring
5.3.4 FDDI – Fibre-Distributed Data Interface
5.3.5 ATM - Asynchronous Transfer Mode
5.3.6 Wireless LANs
5.4 ATM
5.4.1 Introduction
5.4.2 Cell switching in hardware
5.4.3 Distinguishing characteristics of ATM
5.4.4 Applications and futures
5.4.5 ATM for LAN
5.4.6 Conclusion
5.5 QoS
5.5.1 Introduction and terminology
5.5.2 One network for all purposes
5.6 MPLS
5.6.1 MPLS principles
5.6.2 MPLS + Ethernet
5.6.3 The MPLS Label
5.6.4 Edge and core devices
5.6.5 Stacked or nested labels
5.6.6 QoS characteristics
5.6.7 Virtual Circuits and virtual LANs
5.6.8 Draft-Martini and beyond
5.7 Conclusion

6. GLOSSARY OF ABBREVIATIONS

Exhibit 1 – OSI layered model: a Web-browsing example
Exhibit 2 - SDH and SONET Data Rates
Exhibit 3 - Virtual concatenation base container approximate bandwidths
Exhibit 4 – Comparison of ADSL and HFC systems
Exhibit 5 – HDSL reach and wire gauge
Exhibit 6 – CLASS services

Table 1 – VDSL data rates and distances

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