发布时间：2008年5月15日

摘要

Genomics is transforming the pharmaceutical industry. Companies are moving from drug discovery and development based on medicinal chemistry to the design of drugs based on information provided by genomics. Virtually all of the major pharmaceutical houses have either formed partnerships with genomics firms that began to emerge in the early 1990s or have created in house genomics divisions. The aim of this TriMark Publications study is to provide in depth information on the developing market for genomics products and services. The report will include detailed market analyses and discussions of industry trends in order to assess the impact of genomics on the current and emerging pharmaceutical and diagnostic markets. Forecasts and trends were developed from interviews with industry sources, as well as from an assessment of available and emerging technologies. The report focuses on how researchers are applying new genomic approaches to drug discovery and development, and on how these technologies can be used most effectively and in a high throughput capacity. Case studies analyzing particular applications of genomic technologies to specific disease related research are provided, and future trends and developments are forecasted. Information to prepare this study was derived from interviews with product managers, marketing strategists, research executives and others. These individuals are employed at leading genomics firms or in pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies that either contract with these firms or have developed in house genomics capabilities.
 

正文目录

Table of Contents:

1. Introduction 6
1.1 Statement of Report 6
1.2 Objectives and Goals of Study 6
1.3 Methodology 6
1.4 Executive Summary 8
1.4.1 Market Drivers 8
1.4.2 Market Restraints 8
1.4.3 Market Size and Growth Projections 8
1.5 What Is a Gene? 9
1.6 Gene Expression 10
1.7 Genetic Variability 10
1.8 The Human Genome Project (HGP) 11
1.9 Gene Databases 12
1.10 Sequencing and Resequencing 12
1.11 RNA Interference (RNAi) 13
1.12 DNA Tags 15

2. Genomics Technology and Industry 16
2.1 The Development of a Genomics Market 16
2.1.1 Market Size and Growth Projections 16
2.1.2 The U.S. Genomics Market 16
2.2 DNA Microarray Technology 17
2.2.1 Biochips 17
2.2.2 Photolithography 17
2.2.3 Instrumentation for DNA Microarray Analysis 18
2.2.4 Lab-on-a-Chip 19
2.2.5 DNA Microarrays 20
2.3 Applications of DNA Microarrays 21
2.3.1 DNA Sequence Analysis 21
2.3.2 Gene Expression Analysis 28
2.3.3 Effect of DNA Sequence and Gene Expression Monitoring on the Genomics Market 31
2.4 Bioinformatics 32
2.5 Functional Genomics 34
2.5.1 Gene Knockdown 35
2.5.2 Protein-Protein Interactions 36
2.5.3 Bioinformatics 36
2.5.4 Strategies of Functional Genomics Companies 37
2.5.5 Frontiers in Functional Genomics 38
2.6 Comparative Genomics 39
2.7 Pharmacogenomics 39
2.8 Proteomics 40
2.9 Structural Genomics 40
2.10 Disease Targets 41
2.10.1 Paradigm Shift in Drug Development: The Evolution of Targeted Therapies 41
2.10.2 Personalized Warfarin Therapy 41

3. How Genomics Is Revolutionizing Healthcare 44
3.1 Pharmaceutical Applications 44
3.2 Diagnostics 46
3.3 Toxicogenomics 50
3.4 The Market for DNA Microarrays 50
3.5 DNA Chip Technology Competition 50
3.6 Expression Profiling 51
3.7 Gene Sequencing-Advantages of Chip Array Technology 51
3.8 Applied Markets for Genomics 52
3.9 Genomics and the Pharmaceutical Companies 53
3.10 Cancer Markets 54
3.11 Agricultural Markets 55
3.11.1 Plant Genomics 56
3.11.2 Food Processing 57
3.11.3 Animal Husbandry 57

4. Proprietary Applications and Patents 59
4.1 What is Patentable? 59
4.2 Patents and Litigation 61

5. Business Analysis 64
5.1 Facilitation and Capitalization of the Convergence of Gene Expression Analysis and Proteomics 64
5.2 Competition 64
5.3 Market Opportunities for Functional Genomics 64
5.3.1 Metabolic Profiling 64
5.3.2 Anti-Fungal Targets 65
5.3.3 Nutrition 66
5.3.4 Crop Production 66
5.4 The Highly-Competitive Nature of the Genomics Industry 68
5.4.1 First-Generation Biotech 68
5.4.2 Second-Generation Genomics Companies 69
5.4.3 Next-Generation DNA Sequencing Companies 69
5.5 Strategic Alliances 69

6. Genomics Company Profiles 71
6.1 Affymetrix, Inc. 71
6.2 Agendia 80
6.3 Agilent Technologies, Inc. 80
6.4 Applied Biosystems Group 81
6.5 Bayer, AG 85
6.6 Biotage 85
6.7 Caliper Life Sciences 85
6.8 Celera Group 88
6.9 Cepheid 88
6.10 CLC bio 89
6.11 Clinical Data, Inc. 89
6.12 CuraGen Corporation 90
6.13 Cytocell Ltd. 95
6.14 diaDexus, Inc. 95
6.15 Enzo Biochem, Inc. 97
6.16 Exiqon A/S 98
6.17 GE Healthcare 98
6.18 Gene Link, Inc. 98
6.19 Gene Logic, Inc. 98
6.20 Genentech, Inc. 100
6.21 Genisphere, Inc. 101
6.22 Genomatix Software, Inc. 102
6.23 Genomic Solutions, Inc. 102
6.24 Gen-Probe, Inc. 103
6.25 Harvard Bioscience, Inc. 105
6.26 Helicos Biosciences Corporation 105
6.27 Human Genome Sciences, Inc. 105
6.28 Illumina, Inc. 107
6.29 Interleukin Genetics 110
6.30 LI-COR Biosciences 111
6.31 Luminex Corporation 112
6.32 Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 112
6.33 Monogram Biosciences, Inc. 113
6.34 Motorola, Inc. 115
6.35 MWG Biotech AG 115
6.36 Myriad Genetics, Inc. 116
6.37 Nanogen, Inc. 117
6.38 Nuvelo, Inc. 120
6.39 Orchid Cellmark 121
6.40 Pacific Biosciences, Inc. 124
6.41 QIAGEN, Inc. 124
6.42 Roche Diagnostics 127
6.43 Sequenom, Inc. 129
6.44 Third Wave Technologies, Inc. 131
6.45 Verenium Corporation 133
6.46 Visigen Technologies, Inc. 133
6.47 Brief Profiles of Companies Marketing Personalized Genomics Products 134
6.47.1 23andMe, Inc. 134
6.47.2 deCODE Genetics, Inc. 134
6.47.3 Navigenics, Inc. 134
6.48 Brief Profiles of Other Selected Genomics Firms 135
6.48.1 Aber Genomic Computing 135
6.48.2 Spotfire, Inc. 135

7. Genomics Challenges and Growth Factors 136
7.1 Market Drivers 136
7.1.1 Product Pipeline: Need for More Drug Candidates 136
7.1.2 Need for Increased Research and Development Productivity 136
7.2 A Genomics Market Bottleneck-Bioinformatics 136
7.3 Strategic Recommendations-Market Opportunities 137
7.3.1 More Comprehensive Tools Are Needed 137
7.3.2 Resolving Bottlenecks in Functional Genomics Market 138
7.4 Key Trends of Recent Mergers and Acquisition Deals 139
7.5 Chemogenomics 139
7.6 Pharmacogenomics 140
7.7 Biomarkers 141
7.8 Additional Genomics Market Opportunities 142

8. Bioinformatics 146
8.1 Types of Data and Bioinformatics Applications 146
8.1.1 Validated Core Modeling Technology 147
8.1.2 Broad Applicability 147
8.1.3 Data Management Compliant with Industry Standards 148
8.1.4 Open Architecture 148
8.1.5 Ease of Use 148
8.1.6 Increased Access 148
8.2 Functions of Informatics Software 149
8.2.1 Data Management 149
8.2.2 Transformation of Data into Knowledge 149
8.2.3 Collaboration Among Researchers 149
8.2.4 Interface for Online Data Sources 149
8.3 Target Markets for Informatics Software 149
8.3.1 Pharmaceutical Companies 149
8.3.2 Biotechnology Companies 150
8.3.3 Academic and Government Research Institutions 150
8.3.4 Agricultural, Environmental and Industrial Biotechnology Companies 150
8.4 Products of Bioinformatics 150
8.4.1 Sequences and Structure of Genes and Proteins 150
8.4.2 3-D Molecular Structures 150
8.4.3 Genome Structures and Functions 150
8.4.4 Bibliographic Data 150
8.5 Bioinformatics Processes 151
8.6 Informatics Tools and Functionalities 151
8.6.1 Sequence to Structure 151
8.6.2 Lead Identification and Optimization 152
8.6.3 Development and Formulation 152
8.6.4 Improving Materials and Processes in the Chemicals Industry 152
8.6.5 Other Materials-Based Industries 153
8.7 Role of Bioinformatics in the Value Chain 154
8.8 Bioinformatics Market Segments 154
8.8.1 Database 154
8.8.2 Hardware 154
8.8.3 Software 155
8.8.4 Bioinformatics Services 155
8.9 Bioinformatics Business Models 155
8.9.1 Changing Business Models 156
8.9.2 Selected Business Strategies 157

Glossary 159

图表目录：

INDEX OF FIGURES

Figure 2.1: Major Areas of Functional Genomics and Their Relationship to Bioinformatics and Industry 36
Figure 8.1: Role of Bioinformatics in the Biotechnology Value Chain 154

INDEX OF TABLES

Table 2.1: Genomics Sector Global Market Size, 2001 to 2010 16
Table 2.2: Companies Marketing DNA Microarray Software 19
Table 2.3: Selected Competitors in the DNA Microarray Market 20
Table 2.4: Companies Offering DNA Sequencing Products 24
Table 2.5: Competitors in the SNP-Genotyping Segment 26
Table 2.6: Companies that Market MAQC-tested Gene Expression Microarrays 30
Table 2.7: Worldwide Market for Bioinformatics, 2005 to 2010 33
Table 2.8: Selected Companies Marketing New Functional Genomics Tools 38
Table 3.1: Genomics Pharmaceutical Market Sector Leaders and Promising Newcomers 45
Table 3.2: Summary of Assays for HIV Viral Load Testing 47
Table 3.3: Global Market for HIV Diagnostic Testing, 2000 to 2012 48
Table 3.4: Summary of Molecular Diagnostics Testing 49
Table 3.5: Global Market for Molecular Diagnostics Testing, 2000 to 2012 49
Table 3.6: U.S. Market for Molecular Diagnostics Testing, 2004 to 2012 49
Table 3.7: Applied Markets for Genomics 52
Table 3.8: Competitors in the Field of Identity Genomics Testing 53
Table 3.9: Opportunities for Molecular-Targeting Therapeutics for Cancer 54
Table 3.10: Emerging Companies in the Anti-Cancer Sector 54
Table 8.1: Data Source and Bioinformatic Investigations 147
Table 8.2: Bioinformatics Activities, Subactivities and Key Players 155